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Henryk Zieliński
Henryk Zieliński (22 September 1920 in Szembruczek near Grudziądz - 6 March 1981 in Wrocław) was a Polish historian and professor at the University of Wrocław.
== Biography ==
After his high-school exit exam ("maturity diploma") he was conscripted, in summer 1938, to the Polish military service as cadet; next year, after the Invasion of Poland he was wounded during the Battle of Bzura. Soon he was imprisoned in a German POW camp, from which he tried to escape three times, finally succeeding in 1944.〔Juliusz Zieliński, ''Wspomnienie o Ojcu – Profesorze Henryku Zielińskim'', () (''Łambinowicki Rocznik Muzealny. Jeńcy wojenni w latach II wojny światowej'', nr 33/2010 ), ed. Centralne Muzeum Jeńców Wojennych w Łambinowicach-Opolu, Opole 2010, ISSN 0137-5199, pp. 153-164〕 He moved to Kraków, where he became one of the students of the underground university.
After the war, in the People's Republic of Poland, although at first he opposed the Polish communist government,〔〔message of Ministry of Public Security in archives of Institute of National Remembrance〕 in 1949 he joined the Polish United Workers' Party and was allowed to become a staff member of the University of Wrocław. Years later, a few days before his mysterious death, he told the listeners – group of his apprentices and co-workers in the University – that in 1949 he 'allowed himself to be manipulated'. Around 1951/1952 he defended his PhD thesis. In 1955 he became a docent, and in 1962 he became professor. However from the 1960s he became increasingly critical of the government. In the aftermath of the Polish 1968 political crisis, the Prague Spring and the Polish 1970 protests, where he openly supported the opposition, he was persecuted by the Polish secret police, Służba Bezpieczeństwa, and in the period of 1970-1972 he was forced to retire from Wrocław University, and briefly worked at the new University of Silesia. In 1972 he returned to Wrocław, as the environment there became more open again, while the Silesian University became a party stronghold, with Zieliński's research criticized for not being "proletarian" enough, and his refusal to bow down to the ''nomenklatura'' and accept the children of party officials as his students, irrespective of merit.〔Wanda Dybalska, ''Tylko bokser był świadkiem'', in: ''Taki zwyczajny'', ed. Atut, Wrocław 2005, ISBN 83-7432-012-5, pp. 115-127 〕 He supported the Solidarity movement created in 1980.〔Krzysztof Kawalec, ''Zieliński Henryk () – jak go pamiętam'' – (memory of prof. Zieliński in "Gazeta Wyborcza", 7.3.2006 ) 〕
His death in the early morning hours of 6 March 1981 was suspicious: he was found dead on a sidewalk near his house. Although at first both the press and milicja investigators talked about a murder,〔"Wieczór Wrocławia" nr 45 (4145), March 6th 1981 (pp. (1 & 12 )) 〕 from the next day the official line was that it was an accident and the investigation was annulled.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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